C2PA

Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity. Adobe + Microsoft + BBC etc. Signed manifests bind content to creator + edits.

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Watermarking

Statistical watermark: bias token selection in imperceptible pattern. Detectable with key. Kirchenbauer et al 2023.

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Metadata signing

Attach signed EXIF-like metadata: model version, prompt hash, timestamp. Verifiable chain.

Regulation

EU AI Act requires AI-generated content labeling. China similar requirements. Provenance moving toward mandate.