Core concept
Nitro cards handle VPC, EBS, local NVMe. Nitro Hypervisor is lightweight KVM. Nitro Security Chip enforces boot integrity.
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How it works
Enables: near-bare-metal perf, more mem for guests, Fargate isolation, EC2 Bare Metal, enhanced networking (100+ Gbps).
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Trade-offs + gotchas
Foundation of every modern service (Lambda, Fargate, ECS/EKS, EMR, Sagemaker). Reason AWS moves faster than pre-Nitro.