Threat model

'Harvest now, decrypt later': attacker records encrypted traffic today, decrypts when quantum computer arrives. Long-term secrets at risk NOW.

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Hybrid deployments

Combine classical (ECDHE) + PQ (Kyber). Vulnerable only if BOTH broken. Chrome + Cloudflare shipping 2024+.

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Timeline

Cryptographically relevant quantum computer: 15-30 years typical estimate. Migration takes 5-10+ years. Start now.

Crypto-agility

Design systems to swap algorithms without breaking. Version negotiation. Algorithm identifiers. Modular libraries.