Yao's garbled circuits
Two-party. Alice garbles Boolean circuit computing f. Bob evaluates on his encrypted input. Yao 1982.
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GMW protocol
Multi-party. Secret shares of inputs. Additions locally, multiplications need communication rounds.
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BGW + Shamir SS
Uses Shamir secret sharing for multi-party. Perfect security against ≤ (n-1)/3 malicious parties.
Modern deployments
Multi-signature wallets (threshold Bitcoin/Ethereum). Privacy-preserving analytics (Google, Meta ad measurement).