Cost scaling approach

Round costs to power of 2. Solve. Halve rounding. Solve. Repeat log(VC) times.

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Complexity

Best: O(V^(2.5) · log(VC)) via Gabow-Tarjan. Practical: Hungarian often fastest for small instances.

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Assignment problem = matching

Same problem, different framing. Kuhn's original Hungarian solved this.

Auction algorithm

Bertsekas' distributed auction: unmatched vertices bid on preferred neighbors. Converges to min cost.