R_eff formula

R_eff(u,v) = sum over spanning trees containing edge (u,v)-shortcut vs not, weighted appropriately. Kirchhoff's laws.

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Commute time

Expected round-trip time of random walk from u to v = 2|E| · R_eff(u,v).

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Spielman-Srivastava

Effective resistances used in graph sparsification. Preserve cuts approximately with much fewer edges.

Computation

Solve L x = e_u - e_v where L = Laplacian. Effective resistance = (e_u - e_v)^T x.