Termination condition

Stop when top of both PQs sum ≥ best path found through meeting node. Care needed — meeting node isn't always the top!

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Speedup analysis

Search explores ~O(V^(d/D)) where d = distance, D = diameter. Bidirectional: 2 × O(V^(d/(2D))). Massive for large graphs.

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Backward search

Directed graphs: reverse edges. Undirected: same graph, different frontier.

Applications

Road routing. Public transit. Any point-to-point on huge graph. Base of most modern route planners.