Fisk's proof

Triangulate. 3-color triangulation vertices (any triangulated planar graph is 3-colorable). Choose smallest color class → guards.

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Constructive

Triangulation → 3-coloring → color class of size ≤ ⌊N/3⌋. Every triangle covered by its 3-colored vertex → whole polygon covered.

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Comb polygon

N = 3k prongs. Requires exactly k guards. Shows bound tight.

Complexity

O(N log N) via triangulation. Chazelle O(N) triangulation → O(N) art gallery.